Patients with severe HIV disease were defined as those meeting one or more of the following criteria: 1) severely anemic (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL); 2) CD4 <200 cells/μL; 3) active TB, including patients taking anti-TB medication; or 4) underweight (body mass index [BMI] <18.5 kg/m2). Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.