HSPD1 and COVID-19: We found that the serum levels of anti-Hsp60, anti-Hsp70, and anti-Hsp90 autoantibodies of IgG, IgM, or IgA isotype remained unchanged in either the anti-COVID-19 vaccinated volunteers or the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG-positive participants when compared to healthy naïve volunteers (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG-negative), as measured by ELISA (Fig. 1).