These results are in contrast with previous works showing that BV by Nugent score is associated with a significant increase in several proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (Balkus et al., 2010; Kyongo et al., 2015; Florova et al., 2021). Here, IL1B is linked to bacterial vaginosis.