Compared with mild DCM hiPSC-CMs, LVNC hiPSC-CMs have a significantly higher expression of TGF-β signaling pathway-related genes, while the expression of PRDM16, the repressor of TGF-β signaling, was significantly down-regulated in all LVNC hiPSC-CMs. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.