Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) one of the sub-members of the CSF family, has the capability of jeopardizing antitumor function and has a positive role in immunosuppression; furthermore, it can also improve antitumor efficacy through modulating the infiltration of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and is associated with prolonged prognosis (Huang et al., 2020). Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.