To determine whether CD68/PD-1 interaction can interfere the bladder cancer growth, T24 cells, expressing PD-L1, were co-cultured with THP-1 derived macrophages and treated with 5μg/ml CD68, 10μg/ml anti-CD68 and 5μg/ml Nivolumab, separately (Figures 5A, E). Here, CD68 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.