For example, in EV71 patients with encephalitis, IL-13 and IL-4 were the most increased cytokines, whereas in EV71 patients without encephalitis, IL-22 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1a (MIP-1a) were the most increased cytokines (Table S2 and Figure S8) (13, 14). Here, IL13 is linked to viral encephalitis.