Other pre-clinical and clinical expression studies comparing healthy and pathological retinae are discussed within relevant sections below, but collectively they show that galectins are abundantly expressed in the retina, in particular Gal-1, -3, -7, -8, -9, with changes in their expression in human retinal disease or rodent disease models also well documented (Bogdanov, et al., 2014; Newman, et al., 2012). Here, LGALS1 is linked to Abnormal retinal morphology.