LEP and depressive symptom measurement: In earlier work based on NESDA data, among participants with active depression episode, increased a neuroendocrine energy homeostasis marker (leptin) (Zakrzewska, Cusin, Sainsbury, Rohner-Jeanrenaud, & Jeanrenaud, 1997) was associated (independently from BMI) with a depressive symptoms profile defined by increase in intake (increase appetite/weight) and decrease in expenditure (fatigue, low energy) (Milaneschi, Lamers, Bot, Drent, & Penninx, 2017a).