MTOR and tuberous sclerosis: Everolimus, the mTOR inhibitor overwhelmingly used by individuals in this study, was first given conditional marketing authorization as an orphan drug by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2011 for TSC-associated SEGA and in 2012 for TSC-associated renal AML [46], followed by an extension of indication to epilepsy refractory to ASD in 2017.