PNPLA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Especially in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), several genome-wide association studies identified sequence variations in the genes encoding the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) [2, 3] and transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) [4, 5] as risk factors for progressive NAFLD and hepatocellular carcinoma on this background [6].