ERN2 and ulcerative colitis: IRE1β expression is reduced in colorectal cancer (Broad Firehose data browser https://gdac.broadinstitute.org/), and decreased IRE1β levels are associated with worse clinical outcome.27 In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ERN2 mRNA expression is decreased in rectal biopsies from individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC)28—though the molecule has not yet been implicated in IBD by genome wide association studies.