The control mice experienced hypothermia and died within 5–8 h after intravenous (i.v.)injection of mTNFα (0.5 μg per gram of mouse body weight, 0.5 μg/g), whereas mice intragastrically pretreated with Nec-1s alone at 15 mg/kg, (R)-484 alone at 15 mg/kg or a combination of Nec-1s and (R)-484 with each at 7.5 mg/kg were completely protected against the lethality of TNFα-induced SIRS (Supplementary Fig. S7d, e). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is systemic inflammatory response syndrome.