LPA and ischemic stroke: In the Copenhagen City Heart Study and Copenhagen General Population Study population [30], subjects with high Lp(a) levels were associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke both observationally (hazard ratio: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.13–1.28) and causally (hazard ratio: 1.20; 95%CI: 1.02–1.43).