Although the mechanism inversely linking high Lp(a) levels with the risk of AF and arrhythmia remains quite unclear, a similar relationship has been reported for blood lipids, in which elevated total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein levels were found to be associated with a low risk of AF in a meta-analysis of cohort studies [40]. This evidence concerns the gene LPA and cardiac arrhythmia.