However, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) study, the results showed that an Lp(a) level ≥ 30 mg/dL was inversely associated with the risk of AF (hazard ratio: 0.84, 95%CI: 0.71–0.99) [39], which was consistent with the results of the present MR analysis. This evidence concerns the gene LPA and atrial fibrillation.