In 2008, the EXTREME phase 3 study was the first study in 30 years to demonstrate an improved disease control and OS in the first-line setting in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC, with the addition of cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to platinum-based chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone [5]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.