Coherently with this notion, it is becoming increasingly clear that BDNF signaling may participate in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [79,80,81]: specifically, BDNF levels were found to be decreased in patients with T2DM, and a negative correlation between insulin sensitivity and BDNF plasma concentration was also observed [82,83]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.