Red wine polyphenols are particularly attractive for their properties to target sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), two members of the sirtuin family of proteins mediating a large variety of pathophysiological events, including protection of the circulatory system function and prevention of endothelial dysfunction at the early stages of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis [6,7,8]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and endothelial dysfunction.