The authors described miRNA-based models which, together with PSA levels, improved the classification function of the PSA screening test with diagnostic and/or prognostic potential: [PSA + miR-142-3p + miR-142-5p + miR-223-3p] model (AUC: 0.821) to discriminate PCa frombenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); and [PSA + miR-342-3p + miR-374b-5p] model (AUC: 0.891) to discriminate between (Gleason Score) GS ≥ 7 tumors and men presenting PSA  ≥  4 ng/mL with no cancer or GS6 tumors. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.