In accordance with the central role played by the mitochondrion in the pathogenesis of DPN, we observed in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells subjected to hyperglycemic stress an alteration of the MMP (i.e., hyperpolarization), a mitochondrial fragmentation accompanied by the increase in the expression of DRP1 and hFIS and the decrease in MFN2, and, finally, a significant increase in apoptosis. The gene discussed is MFN2; the disease is neuroblastoma.