SQSTM1 and atrial fibrillation: Then, serum-supplemented basal levels of LC3-II (p = 0.022, NP) and p62/SQSTM1 (p < 0.001, NP and AF) and serum-deprived induced levels of LC3-II (p < 0.001, NP and AF) and p62/SQSTM1 (p < 0.001, NP and AF) were markedly higher in humans than in rats, possibly because of elevated autophagy in human surgical disc specimens at disease states (Figure 1D,E).