Its stimulation also induces ATP release by means of a membrane pore formation or in association with pannexin hemichannels, activating the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3) inflammasome that induces the maturation and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) and the production of ROS, released by macrophages and microglia, contributing to the progression of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases [98,99]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.