BRAF and melanoma: Among them, those shown to play a main role in the pathogenesis of melanoma are (a) the oncogenic activation of the genes that control cell cycle progression, with a particular reference to the genes of the MAPK molecular pathways (that mainly includes BRAF and NRAS), (b) inactivation of the apoptosis and cellular senescence control mechanisms (apoptotic pathways), and (c) increase in the metastatic potential, through the alteration of the mechanisms controlling the anchorage-dependent growth, and the consequent induction of remote cell migration and dissemination [10].