Treating HCC cell lines with 10 ng/mL and 20 ng/mL TNFα, a stimulating factor of NF-κB signaling, increased the protein level of HIF-1α and its targeted proteins VEGF and CA9, as shown by Western blotting analysis in two HCC cell lines (Figure 4C). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.