Although there are no randomized trials comparing RT with radical prostatectomy yet, trials completed to date and observational data suggest that outcomes with either EBRT or brachytherapy are similar to those with radical prostatectomy when men with clinically localized prostate cancer are stratified based on clinical tumor (T) stage, pretreatment PSA, and Gleason score. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate carcinoma.