AR and prostate carcinoma: The mechanisms of action are recorded as follows: stimulation of the Notch signaling pathway, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of the G2/M phase; inhibition of NF-B, reduction of CXCR4 activation; increase ROS levels, decrease MDR1 expression and HIF-1 transactivation; enhance p53 and p21 expression; suppression of androgen-dependent transactivation of AR, reduction of the relation between AR and heat shock protein 90, increase the association of AR with the E3 ligase MDM2.In vitro and in vivo effects of emodin in prostate cancer cell lines are also summarized in Table 9.