In a study of 808 Japanese hemodialysis patients (age 55.1 ± 11.4 years, hemodialysis duration 70.1 ± 66.2 months, 61.3% males, 19.9% diabetics), Kakiya et al. reported that increased fat mass index determined by DXA was associated with decreased all-cause mortality (HR 0.926; 95% CI 0.891–0.962; 1 kg/m2 increase) and noncardiovascular mortality (HR 0.850; 95% CI 0.806–0.896; 1 kg/m2 increase) during the mean follow-up period of 53 months, after adjustment for confounding variables such as diabetes, serum albumin, and creatinine level [74]. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.