TNF and neoplasm: For example, potent proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) have been connected with increased aggressiveness in breast cancer [6,7,8,9,10,11]: their expression levels were significantly associated with tumor progression and poor clinical outcome of breast cancer patients [12,13,14,15,16,17] and they were both found to express a large variety of tumor-promoting activities in culture systems and in animal model systems [6,7,8,9,10,11].