A closer look at the expression of TNFα and IL-1β in biopsies of breast cancer patients revealed that in many breast cancer patient tumors the two proinflammatory cytokines were expressed in a chronic manner, starting in low tumor grades and from the stage of ductal carcinoma in situ and on, eventually being expressed in tumors of ~90% of patients with advanced disease [13,14,18]. Here, TNF is linked to breast carcinoma.