SMAD2 and pulmonary fibrosis: Riches et colleagues [35] reported that female mice, after 14 days of BLM-instillation, showed lower inflammation, collagen, and hydroxyproline deposition, and an overall lower degree of pulmonary fibrosis that they attributed to a less tonic signaling pathway of TGF-β by the misplaced nuclear localization of phospho-SMAD2/3.