However, since TC14012 is a much more potent agonist on CXCR7 and treatment of cKO mice revealed a clear upregulation of pERK, which could not be explained through CXCR4 antagonism, our data suggest that CXCL12-CXCR7 mediated β-arrestin signaling plays an important role in attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling. This evidence concerns the gene CXCR4 and cardiac hypertrophy.