Multi-functional/parametric imaging signatures derived from TA have shown associations with PBRM1 mutation status in clear cell renal cell carcinoma on CT [23], KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer on PET/CT [24], KRAS and EGFR mutation status in non-small cell lung cancer on CT [25,26], IDH mutation status (including 1p19q genotyping) in glioma on MRI [27], and KIT exon 11 mutation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors on CT [28]. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and central nervous system cancer.