The absence of SR-B1 has been shown to accelerate the onset of atherosclerosis although SR-B1 knockout mice displayed two-fold elevated HDLc levels [53,54,55] whereas mice overexpression of SR-B1 showed decreased atherosclerosis [56,57], exhibiting the potential important role of SR-B1 in the pathophysiology of CVD. The gene discussed is SCARB1; the disease is atherosclerosis.