AKT1 and Miyoshi myopathy: Furthermore, when MM plasma cells and BM stromal cells (BMSCs) interact, it prompts the stroma to ramp up cytokine production further and activates several onco-related pathways including JAK/STAT, Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT and NF-κB (Figure 3) [36].