TNF and Insulin resistance: Both obesity and T2DM [2] are also associated with the development of a chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, with local production of proinflammatory cytokines [3], such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [4] that can interfere with insulin receptor signaling (see Figure 1) and cause insulin resistance [5].