Several tumor-associated cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), IL-β, IL-6, VEGF, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 reportedly caused MDSC accumulation and regulated their migration in a mouse model of HCC [65]. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma.