SIRT1 activation has been found to prevent the development of diabetic retinopathy by modulating acetylation of NF-κB (p65), suppression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and regulating the transcription of several genes involved in inflammation, vascular growth, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and apoptosis [259,260,261]. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and diabetic retinopathy.