Moreover, serum M-CSF, CXCL-8, IL-6 and TIMP-1 levels correlate with CRC progression, and therefore are particularly useful in establishing tumor stage, distant metastases and/or nodal involvement, whereas the serum levels of M-CSF and CRP are independent prognostic factors for the survival of patients with CRC. This evidence concerns the gene TIMP1 and colorectal carcinoma.