BRAF and melanoma: Examples of these targeted cancer therapeutics that have markedly improved patient survival are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that block or suppress the activity of oncogenic driver receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 gene, fused to the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway-directed agents against mutant B-Raf (BRAF) in melanoma and other solid tumors [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].