TNF and psoriatic arthritis: In pilot clinical trials determining the effectiveness of anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody on psoriatic arthritis, carotid atherosclerotic plaques were found in 15.8% of patients who received TNF-α blockers, in contrast to 40.4% of those who received traditional DMARD consisting of sulfasalazine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, and leflunomide [21].