TNF and Obesity: Furthermore, ablation of the Nlrp3 gene also had a protective effect that prevented the obesity-induced activation of macrophages in adipose tissue (ATM) with M1 pro-inflammatory-like macrophage gene expressions, such as TNFα, chemokine ligand 20, and chemokine ligand 11, and that increased expression of M2 anti-inflammatory-like cytokines (interleukin-10).