On one hand, the high-fat diet, obesity, and insulin resistance activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, while conversely, NLRP3-related processes induce the progression of obesity and insulin resistance by IL-1β -dependent impairment of pancreatic beta-cell and adipocyte function, and decreased insulin sensitivity [97,111,114]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.