Additionally, gene expression analysis of cultured PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells) from AD patients revealed a higher expression of NLRP3, ASC (adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), caspase-1, and caspase-5 as well as cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 [134]. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.