Importantly, Xist-targeted deletion in foetal haematopoietic stem cells is dramatically protumourigenic [108], resulting in fully penetrant, female-specific carcinogenic transformation encompassing chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia, myeloproliferative disease, and a rare haematologically derived sarcoma—histiocytic sarcoma. The gene discussed is XIST; the disease is sarcoma.