TP53 and cancer: Independently, Craig Thompson et al. identified the cause that sustained the aerobic glycolysis in the alteration of the protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway commonly activated in human cancers in response to different transcription factors [21] including p53, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which were further found to be involved in cancer metabolic reprogramming [22,23,24].