In MDA-MB-453CX3CL1–based HTM, TMI-1 treatment resulted in a slightly increased tumor growth in comparison to MDA-MB-453empty-based HTM, which suggests a pro-proliferative effect of membrane-bound CX3CL1 or the missing anti-proliferative effect of the soluble form. The gene discussed is CX3CL1; the disease is neoplasm.