Moreover, numerous serum proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) are recently reported to be potential surrogates for diagnosis of HBV-related HCC, such as deoxyribonuclease 1-like 3 (DNASE1L3), α-L-fucosidase (AFU), γ-glutamyl transferase isoenzyme II (GGT-II), glypican-3 (GPC3), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and miR-487b. This evidence concerns the gene DNASE1L3 and hepatocellular carcinoma.