Taken together, the presented study results suggest that the importance of PSA persistence reported in previous studies [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] may not be directly translated to each patient: the significance of PSA persistence is marginal in low-risk patients, and PSA persistence has the biggest impact on the outcomes in high-risk PCa patients. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.