CD274 and neoplasm: Prior to this study, in order to improve the effectiveness of ICB therapy, a phase I study employed stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in combination with ICB therapy (in this case pembrolizumab) to upregulate the expression of the genes encoding PD-L1 and MHC-I in tumor cells and improve the production of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) by recruiting tumoricidal T cells and by improving the production of IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells [18] as a strategy against metastatic cancers, and this combination achieved an ORR of 13.2% among enrolled patients [57].