In addition to intestinal inflammation, infants with NEC have higher blood levels of pro-inflammatory mediators PAF [156], tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6) [157,158] and IL8 [157,158] and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL10) [158]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and necrotizing enterocolitis.