Interestingly, enteral administration of Lactobacillus reuteri biofilms on sucrose or maltose loaded microspheres, but not administration of unbound Lactobacillus reuteri, reduced small intestinal mRNA levels of IL6, IL1β, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine 1 (CXCL1) and IL10 in a rat NEC model [72]. Here, IL1B is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.