Finally, enteral administration of astragaloside IV, a flavonoid from the plant Astragalus membranaceaus dose dependently decreased mRNA levels of TNFα, IL6, IL1β and NFκβ p65, decreased MPO protein levels and decreased the phosphorylation rate of NFκβ p65 and that of IκBα in the distal ileum of NEC protocol exposed rats [126]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and necrotizing enterocolitis.