AKT1 and asthma: Airway epithelial cell dysfunction in asthma induces EMT through TGF-β signaling via noncanonical pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, JNK, Ras small GTPases, PI3K/Akt, p38) and canonical/Smad-dependent pathways (e.g., c-Jun/junB) activation [91].