UCP1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Okada et al. also reported on the anti-obesity effects, characterized by reductions in the body and WAT weights, changes in serum lipid profiles and upregulation of the UCP-1 protein and mRNA expression in KK-Ay mice with U. pinnatifida lipid treatment (0.2% as a drink; 1.0% as a diet) [73].