UCP1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Grasa-López et al. revealed the anti-obesity and anti-inflammation effects of both U. pinnatifida (400 mg/kg bw) and Fx (1 mg/kg bw) in Wister rats given a high-fat diet, along with the upregulation of PPARα, PPARγ coactivator-1α, PPARγ and UCP-1 and downregulation of IL-6 [34].