Interestingly, Nrf2-keap1/HO-1 activation accompanied by an increase in enzymatic/non- enzymatic antioxidant activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reductase (TBARS), NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), which, in turn, suppress oxidative mediators and lipid peroxidation, thereby alleviating the hallmarks of viral infection [154,155]. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to viral infectious disease.