Recently, a comprehensive study of islets in T2DM patients using Affymetrix microarrays showed an upregulation of a few cytokines/cytokine receptors (IL-1β, IL7R, and IL17R) and several chemokines/chemokine ligands (CCL3, CCL8, CXCL2, CXCL11, and CXCL12) [42]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and type 2 diabetes mellitus.